Water is an essential ingredient in soap making, enabling the lye to react with oil, and undergo saponification. After cutting, the bars are left to cure for 6-8 weeks to ensure the saponification is fully complete, and also allows some of this water to evaporate, resulting in a harder and longer-lasting bar.
It's essential to life on earth and has played an important role in every society throughout history. The earliest known permanent urban settlement was in Tell es-Sultan (Sultan's Hill), modern-day Jericho in Palestine, in around 9000 BCE. This was likely because of Ein as-Sultan Spring and other nearby bodies of water that were able to sustain the residents. Now, Ein as-Sultan is the name for the refugee camp in the east of the West Bank, which often suffers from terrible water shortages in the summer.
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